Beauty treatments New Westminster

Beauty treatments New Westminster

Botulinum toxin type B

Our dedication to quality, combined with our broad service range, ensures you'll achieve the aesthetic results you're dreaming of. Learn more about Cosmetic injections in New Westminster here. Learn more about Beauty treatments New Westminster here Our clients appreciate the comprehensive approach we take, involving them in every step of the decision-making process. With Manhas Health Co., you'll find personalized treatment plans tailored just for you, utilizing advanced injection techniques that set a new standard in client satisfaction. But that's just the beginning.
They continuously monitor treatment outcomes and patient satisfaction to refine their practices.

Beauty treatments New Westminster - Botulinal toxin

  1. Botulinum toxin B
  2. DaxibotulinumtoxinA-lanm
  3. Oculinum
  4. Dysport A
  5. Botulism toxin
  6. Botulinum toxin F
  7. Botulinum toxin type E
  8. BOTOX
  9. Onaclostox
  10. Botulinum toxin C
  11. Botulinum toxin type G
  12. ATC code M03AX01
  13. Botulinum toxin D
  14. Botulinum G toxin
  15. Type E botulinum toxin
Choosing Manhas Health Co means you're opting for a provider that doesn't just aim to enhance your appearance but also places your safety and health at the forefront. They're constantly updating their services with the latest breakthroughs in cosmetic science, ensuring you're always getting the best that the field has to offer.
Harnessing the latest advancements in cosmetic technology, Manhas Health Co offers you innovative treatments that set new standards in aesthetic care. At Manhas Health Co., our team possesses unparalleled expertise in the field of aesthetic medicine, ensuring you receive the highest quality of cosmetic injection treatments available. Their team of experts takes the time to listen to your concerns, assess your skin type, and understand your lifestyle before recommending any treatment.
They ensure that all cosmetic injections are administered by highly trained professionals who not only have the technical know-how but also a deep understanding of aesthetics. Our approach is always conservative, aiming for results that rejuvenate and refresh without the tell-tale signs of intervention. You've likely noticed the buzz around cosmetic injections and the demand for personalized, less invasive options that promise minimal downtime and natural-looking results.

Our friendly staff is here to assist you with scheduling and answer any initial questions you may have about our services and what to expect. Your journey doesn't stop at consultation. They're not just experts in their field; they're passionate about making you feel your best. Each consultation begins with a thorough assessment of your goals and concerns, ensuring a personalized treatment plan that aligns with your desires.

Gone are the days of one-size-fits-all solutions. Feedback from clients is overwhelmingly positive, highlighting the friendly atmosphere, professional service, and, above all, the exceptional results that look and feel natural. Over time, it's expanded its reach, offering a variety of treatments designed to enhance your natural beauty and boost your confidence.

At Manhas Health Co., our team of certified medical professionals specializes in cosmetic injections, ensuring you receive the highest standard of care. This means you won't have to worry about the one-size-fits-all approach that can lead to unsatisfactory results or unnecessary discomfort. Moreover, we prioritize your safety and comfort throughout the process, ensuring that each step is explained clearly. Botulin toxin

First up, there's Botox, the go-to for smoothing out frown lines, forehead creases, and crow's feet. So, if you're looking to enhance your natural beauty with minimal downtime, Manhas Health Co is your go-to destination in Beauty treatments New Westminster.

Beauty treatments New Westminster - Botulin Toxin

  1. Botulinum Toxin
  2. LetibotulinumtoxinA
  3. Dysport
  4. Botulinum toxin C1
  5. Botulinum C1 toxin
  6. Type B botulinum toxin
  7. Botox Cosmetic
  8. PrabotulinumtoxinA-xvfs
  9. Xeomin
  10. Daxxify
  11. Botulinumtoxin
  12. Botulinum toxin type D
  13. Botulinum B toxin
  14. PrabotulinumtoxinA
  15. Clostridium botulinum toxin
  16. Botulinum toxin type A
  17. Botulinus toxin
  18. Botulinum toxin type b
  19. Botulinum neurotoxin
  20. Jeuvea
From your initial consultation, you'll notice our dedication to truly listening to what you want to achieve.

Laser skin treatments New Westminster

Entity Name Description Source
Botulinum toxin Description for Botulinum toxin Source
Skeletal muscle Description for Skeletal muscle Source
Eyelid Description for Eyelid Source
Eye drop Description for Eye drop Source
Injectable filler Description for Injectable filler Source
Marionette lines Description for Marionette lines Source
Lip Description for Lip Source
Dermatology Description for Dermatology Source
Mohs surgery Description for Mohs surgery Source
Skin cancer Description for Skin cancer Source
Varicose veins Description for Varicose veins Source
Melanocytic nevus Description for Melanocytic nevus Source
Collagen induction therapy Description for Collagen induction therapy Source
Platelet-rich plasma Description for Platelet-rich plasma Source
Pattern hair loss Description for Pattern hair loss Source
Skin care Description for Skin care Source
New Westminster Description for New Westminster Source
British Columbia Description for British Columbia Source
Rhinoplasty Description for Rhinoplasty Source
Masseter muscle Description for Masseter muscle Source
Submental triangle Description for Submental triangle Source
Hair loss Description for Hair loss Source
Scalp Description for Scalp Source
Hair follicle Description for Hair follicle Source
Hyperhidrosis Description for Hyperhidrosis Source
Restylane Description for Restylane Source
Physiology Description for Physiology Source

Forehead Botox New Westminster

Richard Clement Moody arrived in British Columbia in December 1858, at the head of the Royal Engineers, Columbia Detachment, having been hand picked to "found a second England on the shores of the Pacific".  Moody "wanted to build a city of beauty in the wilderness" and planned his city as an iconic visual metaphor for British dominance, "styled and located with the objective of reinforcing the authority of the Crown and of the robe  Subsequent to the enactment of the Pre-emption Act of 1860, Moody settled the Lower Mainland and selected the site and founded the new capital, New Westminster. Moody and the Royal Engineers were trained in settlement and selected the site because of its defensibility: it was farther from the American border than the site of the colony's proclamation, Fort Langley, possessed "great facilities for communication by water, as well as by future great trunk railways into the interior and possessed an excellent port  Moody was also struck by the majestic beauty of the site, writing in his letter to Blackwood:

Skin care clinic New Westminster

Nearby Tourist Attractions

Mundy Park

Tourist attraction, City park
Mundy Park, 641 Hillcrest St, Coquitlam, BC V3J 6N9
178 acres of forest habitat with 2 lakes, sports facilities, disc golf & an outdoor pool.

Port Moody Station Museum

Tourist attraction, Entertainer, Historical landmark, History museum, Local history museum
Port Moody Station Museum, 2734 Murray St, Port Moody, BC V3H 1X2
Small destination offering local history exhibits & programs in a 1908 train station.

Rocky Point Park

Tourist attraction, City park
Rocky Point Park, 2800 Murray St, Port Moody, BC V3H 1X2
Waterfront recreation area with a pier, pool, skate park, restaurant, playground & boat ramp.

Shoreline Trail

Tourist attraction, City park, Hiking area
Shoreline Trail, 2934 Murray St, Port Moody, BC V3H 1X2
This walking trail along the Burrard Inlet offers sweeping views & allows leashed dogs.

Burnaby Fraser Foreshore Park

Tourist attraction, Park
Burnaby Fraser Foreshore Park, 7751 Fraser Park Dr, Burnaby, BC V5J 5L8
Riverfront park with outdoor gym equipment, dog area, picnic spots & a playground.

Hawthorne Rotary Park

Whalley
Tourist attraction, Park
Hawthorne Rotary Park, 10513 144 St, Surrey, BC V3T 4V4
Residential area park with a playground, spray pad, gardens, trails, picnic shelter & washrooms.

Glenlyon Foreshore Outlook

Tourist attraction, Historical landmark
Glenlyon Foreshore Outlook, 9186 Glenlyon Pkwy, Burnaby, BC V5J 5J8

World Police and Fire Games decoration

Metrotown
Tourist attraction
World Police and Fire Games decoration, 3789 BC-99A, Burnaby, BC V5H 1Y4


Citations and other links

Skin care clinic Beauty treatments New Westminster

Choosing Manhas Health Co. Botulinum toxin type B means you're opting for a provider that values your well-being as much as your aesthetic goals. This level of personalization ensures that the results look natural, enhancing your features rather than changing how you fundamentally look. You'll find a user-friendly booking system that allows you to choose a date and time that works best for you. Inspired by these transformation stories, it's now your turn to embark on a journey towards your best self by booking a consultation with us.

You'll find that our approach goes beyond the surface. Furthermore, their advanced laser technology and injection techniques minimize discomfort and recovery time. Striving for a subtle enhancement, Manhas Health Co.

Beauty treatments New Westminster - Botulinum toxin type C2

  • Type C botulinum toxin
  • DaxibotulinumtoxinA
  • Botulinum Toxin
  • LetibotulinumtoxinA
  • Dysport
  • Botulinum toxin C1
  • Botulinum C1 toxin
  • Type B botulinum toxin
  • Botox Cosmetic
  • PrabotulinumtoxinA-xvfs
  • Xeomin
  • Daxxify
  • Botulinumtoxin
  • Botulinum toxin type D
  • Botulinum B toxin
  • PrabotulinumtoxinA
  • Clostridium botulinum toxin
  • Botulinum toxin type A
ensures your cosmetic injections result in a natural, rejuvenated appearance that reflects your true beauty.

Beauty treatments New Westminster - Botulinum toxin type b

  1. Type D botulinum toxin
  2. OnabotulinumtoxinA
  3. ATCvet code QM03AX01
  4. Type C botulinum toxin
  5. DaxibotulinumtoxinA
  6. Botulinum Toxin
  7. LetibotulinumtoxinA
  8. Dysport
  9. Botulinum toxin C1
  10. Botulinum C1 toxin
  11. Type B botulinum toxin
  12. Botox Cosmetic
  13. PrabotulinumtoxinA-xvfs
  14. Xeomin
  15. Daxxify
  16. Botulinumtoxin
  17. Botulinum toxin type D
  18. Botulinum B toxin
  19. PrabotulinumtoxinA


You're not signing up for a one-size-fits-all procedure. With the Manhas Health Philosophy, you're not just improving how you look; you're investing in how you feel. Whether it's pioneering new products or refining existing procedures, their commitment to technology ensures you're receiving the most advanced care possible, tailored just for you.

By combining advanced treatment options with a keen focus on personalized patient experiences, they ensure each visit is as unique as the individuals walking through their doors. It's also a good idea to stay hydrated and come with a clean face, free of makeup or lotions. You'll be advised to avoid touching or massaging the treated areas to prevent spreading the product to unintended areas.

Skin care clinic Beauty treatments New Westminster
Forehead Botox Beauty treatments New Westminster

Forehead Botox Beauty treatments New Westminster

Clients rave about their transformative experiences at Manhas Health Co., highlighting the clinic's exceptional service and results.

Beauty treatments New Westminster - Letybo

  1. Type C1 botulinum toxin
  2. Botulinum toxin type F
  3. Bo tox
  4. Type F botulinum toxin
  5. Type A botulinum toxin
  6. Botulinum C toxin
  7. RimabotulinumtoxinB
  8. EvabotulinumtoxinA
  9. Onabotulinumtoxin
  10. Botulinum C2 toxin
  11. Botulinum A toxin
  12. Botulinum
  13. Nuceiva
  14. Botulinum toxin C2
  15. Botox Treatment
  16. Relfydess
  17. Botulinum toxin E
This move guarantees that what's being injected into your body meets stringent safety standards. This personalized follow-up ensures that you're not only satisfied with the results but that they last. This means you can return to your daily activities right after your appointment, making it a convenient option for your busy lifestyle.

This meticulous evaluation ensures that the treatments we propose are perfectly suited to your needs, maximizing effectiveness while minimizing risks.

Beauty treatments New Westminster - Botulinum neurotoxin

  1. RelabotulinumtoxinA
  2. Botulinum toxin type a
  3. Botulinium toxin
  4. Botulinum Toxin Type B
  5. Type D botulinum toxin
  6. OnabotulinumtoxinA
  7. ATCvet code QM03AX01
  8. Type C botulinum toxin
  9. DaxibotulinumtoxinA
  10. Botulinum Toxin
  11. LetibotulinumtoxinA
  12. Dysport
  13. Botulinum toxin C1
  14. Botulinum C1 toxin
  15. Type B botulinum toxin
  16. Botox Cosmetic
  17. PrabotulinumtoxinA-xvfs
  18. Xeomin
  19. Daxxify
  20. Botulinumtoxin
You're not just another appointment on their calendar; you're a unique individual with specific aesthetic goals. Clinics like Manhas Health Co.

Beauty treatments New Westminster - Prabotulinum toxin A

  • Botulinus toxin
  • Botulinum toxin type C
  • Prabotulinum toxin A
  • AbobotulinumtoxinA
  • Jeuveau
  • Prabotulinumtoxin A
  • Type C1 botulinum toxin
  • Botulinum toxin type F
  • Bo tox
  • Type F botulinum toxin
  • Type A botulinum toxin
  • Botulinum C toxin
  • RimabotulinumtoxinB
  • EvabotulinumtoxinA
  • Onabotulinumtoxin
  • Botulinum C2 toxin
  • Botulinum A toxin
  • Botulinum
  • Nuceiva
are at the forefront, integrating the latest in aesthetic technology to meet your ever-changing needs. Prabotulinum toxin A

In setting industry standards, Manhas Health Co has introduced groundbreaking safety protocols for cosmetic injections. Whether you're looking to smooth out fine lines, restore volume, or enhance your natural features, our expert team is here to guide you every step of the way. You'll find an expert medical team at your disposal, offering a range of comprehensive treatment options tailored just for you.

We maintain a sterile environment and adhere to strict hygiene practices to prevent infections and complications. They understand that everyone's skin is unique, and what works for one person may not work for another. Botulinum toxin type C Our targeted approach not only smoothed her complexion but also restored her skin's vitality, making her scars a thing of the past.

Beauty treatments New Westminster - Botulin Toxin

  • Botulinum toxin type D
  • Botulinum B toxin
  • PrabotulinumtoxinA
  • Clostridium botulinum toxin
  • Botulinum toxin type A
  • Botulinus toxin
  • Botulinum toxins
  • Botulinal toxin
  • Botulin toxin
  • EC 3.4.24.69
  • IncobotulinumtoxinA
  • Botulinum toxin type C
  • Prabotulinum toxin A
  • AbobotulinumtoxinA
  • Jeuveau
  • Prabotulinumtoxin A
  • Type C1 botulinum toxin
  • Botulinum toxin type F


Cosmetic anti-aging solutions Beauty treatments New Westminster

Strenuous exercise, heat exposure, and alcohol should also be avoided for the first 24 hours to minimize swelling and bruising. Whether you're considering Botox, dermal fillers, or any other cosmetic injection, you can trust that you're in safe hands. They're not just experts in their field; they're artists who blend science and aesthetics to enhance your natural beauty while prioritizing your health and well-being. This dedicated team boasts a wealth of knowledge and experience in cosmetic injections, underpinned by rigorous training and certification in the latest aesthetic techniques. That's why during your initial consultation, they'll take the time to listen to your concerns, assess your skin, and recommend the most effective treatments to achieve your desired outcome.
Technologies leveraging AI to customize procedures to your unique facial structure and skin type are becoming the norm. You'll be involved in every decision, from the choice of products to the specific techniques used. These innovations are blurring the lines between in-clinic procedures and at-home skincare routines, offering you a seamless beauty experience. This approach allows for a more precise application, ensuring your results look natural and are long-lasting.
You won't just be another appointment on the calendar; you'll be part of the Manhas Health Co.

Beauty treatments New Westminster - Botulinum toxin type C2

  1. Botulinum toxin type C2
  2. Neurobloc
  3. Botulinum toxins
  4. Botulinal toxin
  5. Botulin toxin
  6. EC 3.4.24.69
  7. IncobotulinumtoxinA
  8. Botulinum toxin type C
  9. Prabotulinum toxin A
  10. AbobotulinumtoxinA
  11. Jeuveau
  12. Prabotulinumtoxin A
  13. Type C1 botulinum toxin
  14. Botulinum toxin type F
  15. Bo tox
family, where your satisfaction and well-being are the top priorities. Read more about Beauty treatments New Westminster here The expertise doesn't stop there; Manhas Health Co. also specializes in Botox injections, skillfully administered to relax muscles and diminish the appearance of fine lines, delivering results that truly reflect your desire for a more youthful presence. To ensure the best results from your cosmetic injections, it's crucial to follow specific before and after care guidelines provided by Manhas Health Co. They're committed to guiding you through every step of the process, answering your questions, and making adjustments as necessary to ensure that your experience isn't just satisfactory, but truly exceptional.
From the moment you step into their clinic, you're not just another client; you're an individual with specific goals and concerns. This dedication minimizes the risk of adverse reactions and guarantees the efficacy of your treatment. Botulinum toxins The team at Manhas Health Co. doesn't just rely on their extensive expertise in cosmetic injections; they also invest time in getting to know you. In an era where the quill pen meets the digital age, you might find it fascinating how Manhas Health Co is revolutionizing the cosmetic injections landscape in Beauty treatments New Westminster.

Cosmetic anti-aging solutions Beauty treatments New Westminster
Under-eye wrinkle treatment Beauty treatments New Westminster
Under-eye wrinkle treatment Beauty treatments New Westminster

We don't just offer a one-size-fits-all solution; we recognize the importance of individuality in aesthetic treatments. Many clients have seen their lives transformed after receiving cosmetic injections, reporting not just aesthetic improvements but a profound boost in confidence.

Beauty treatments New Westminster - IncobotulinumtoxinA

  1. DaxibotulinumtoxinA-lanm
  2. Oculinum
  3. Dysport A
  4. Botulism toxin
  5. Botulinum toxin F
  6. Botulinum toxin type E
  7. BOTOX
  8. Onaclostox
  9. Botulinum toxin C
  10. Botulinum toxin type G
  11. ATC code M03AX01
  12. Botulinum toxin D
  13. Botulinum G toxin
  14. Type E botulinum toxin
  15. Botulismotoxin
You'll always know what to expect during and after your procedure, with clear communication being a cornerstone of their practice. To book your consultation, visit our website and select the 'Book Now' option.

Once you submit the form, you'll receive a confirmation email with all the details of your appointment, including what to expect during your consultation. Another client, Priya, struggled with acne scars that affected her social life. Having outlined how your treatment plan is personalized, let's explore the variety of cosmetic injections available at Manhas Health Co.

Then there's Michael, who was hesitant at first, worried about looking 'overdone.' Our expert touch and strategic placement of fillers gave him the subtle enhancement he was after, accentuating his features without altering his natural expression. Whether you're looking to smooth out wrinkles, enhance facial contours, or achieve a more youthful appearance, their comprehensive selection of treatments has got you covered. Botulinum neurotoxin At Manhas Health Co., we're committed to providing personalized care that highlights your natural beauty.

Whether you're seeking to diminish fine lines, restore volume, or enhance your natural features, your plan is tailored to ensure optimal results that look and feel natural. We've streamlined the process so you can easily set up your appointment without any hassle. Lastly, for a more defined jawline or cheekbones, Kybella injections can dissolve fat and sculpt your desired facial profile, showcasing the art of precision in cosmetic enhancements.

Jeuvea
Certified Botox clinic Beauty treatments New Westminster

He couldn't believe the difference, and neither could his friends, who all noticed something was better but couldn't quite put their finger on it. Moreover, Manhas Health Co has adopted the use of only the highest quality, FDA-approved products.

Beauty treatments New Westminster - Botulin toxin

  • Botulismotoxin
  • Botulotoxin
  • Botulinum D toxin
  • Botulinum toxin type C1
  • Botulinum toxin A
  • Botulin
  • Myobloc
  • Botulinum E toxin
  • Onabotulinum toxin A
  • RelabotulinumtoxinA
  • Botulinum toxin type a
  • Botulinium toxin
  • Botulinum Toxin Type B
  • Type D botulinum toxin
  • OnabotulinumtoxinA
  • ATCvet code QM03AX01
  • Type C botulinum toxin
  • DaxibotulinumtoxinA
Having established the foundation of safety and quality, let's explore the variety of cosmetic injections that Manhas Health Co. offers to enhance your natural beauty. Then there's Michael, who felt his thinning lips aged him prematurely.
This allows us to be precise in our approach, ensuring each injection is perfectly placed for optimal results. You've probably heard the theory that the beauty industry is booming, especially in areas like cosmetic injections, but is it really the case in places like Beauty treatments New Westminster? You're not just choosing a treatment; you're investing in a future where your beauty and wellness are in the most capable hands.
Moreover, Manhas Health Co. adheres to strict sterilization practices. At the core of their operations, Manhas Health Co. rigorously implements safety measures and protocols, ensuring your cosmetic journey is both secure and satisfying. With a team of highly skilled professionals, they ensure that you're in safe hands, whether you're seeking to diminish fine lines, restore facial volume, or simply aiming for a more youthful appearance.
Choosing Manhas Health Co. means opting for a provider that doesn't compromise on safety or quality, ensuring you achieve the aesthetic results you desire with the utmost confidence. You'll see immediate results without the downtime associated with surgical procedures. We listen, advise, and adapt, guaranteeing treatments that not only enhance your natural beauty but also support your well-being.

Learn more about Beauty treatments New Westminster here
Certified Botox clinic Beauty treatments New Westminster

Military Policlinic in Legionowo, Poland

A clinic (or outpatient clinic or ambulatory care clinic) is a health facility that is primarily focused on the care of outpatients. Clinics can be privately operated or publicly managed and funded. They typically cover the primary care needs of populations in local communities, in contrast to larger hospitals which offer more specialized treatments and admit inpatients for overnight stays.

Most commonly, the English word clinic refers to a general practice, run by one or more general practitioners offering small therapeutic treatments, but it can also mean a specialist clinic. Some clinics retain the name "clinic" even while growing into institutions as large as major hospitals or becoming associated with a hospital or medical school.

Etymology

[edit]
The entrance to a surgery clinic in Greenwich, London

The word clinic derives from Ancient Greek κλίνειν klinein meaning to slope, lean or recline. Hence κλίνη klinē is a couch or bed and κλινικός klinikos is a physician who visits his patients in their beds.[1] In Latin, this became clīnicus.[2][3]

An early use of the word clinic was "one who receives baptism on a sick bed".[4]

Overview

[edit]
A medpunkt (health care access point) delivers primary health care to the residents of the village of Veliki Vrag, Russia.

Clinics are often associated with a general medical practice run by one or several general practitioners. Other types of clinics are run by the type of specialist associated with that type: physical therapy clinics by physiotherapists and psychology clinics by clinical psychologists, and so on for each health profession. (This can even hold true for certain services outside the medical field: for example, legal clinics are run by lawyers.)

Some clinics are operated in-house by employers, government organizations, or hospitals, and some clinical services are outsourced to private corporations which specialize in providing health services. In China, for example, owners of such clinics do not have formal medical education. There were 659,596 village clinics in China in 2011.[5]

Health care in India, China, Russia and Africa is provided to those regions' vast rural areas by mobile health clinics or roadside dispensaries, some of which integrate traditional medicine. In India these traditional clinics provide ayurvedic medicine and unani herbal medical practice. In each of these countries, traditional medicine tends to be a hereditary practice.

Function

[edit]
Policlinic in Karl-Marx-Stadt, German Democratic Republic

The function of clinics differs from country to country. For instance, a local general practice run by a single general practitioner provides primary health care and is usually run as a for-profit business by the owner, whereas a government-run specialist clinic may provide subsidized or specialized[dubiousdiscuss] health care.

Some clinics serve as a place for people with injuries or illnesses to be seen by a triage nurse or other health worker. In these clinics, the injury or illness may not be serious enough to require a visit to an emergency room (ER), but the person can be transferred to one if needed.

Treatment at these clinics is often less expensive than it would be at a casualty department. Also, unlike an ER these clinics are often not open on a 24/7/365 basis. They sometimes have access to diagnostic equipment such as X-ray machines, especially if the clinic is part of a larger facility. Doctors at such clinics can often refer patients to specialists if the need arises.[6]

Large outpatient clinics

[edit]
Children Policlinic in Novokosino District of Moscow

Large outpatient clinics vary in size, but can be as large as hospitals.

Function

[edit]

Typical large outpatient clinics house general medical practitioners (GPs) such as doctors and nurses to provide ambulatory care and some acute care services but lack the major surgical and pre- and post-operative care facilities commonly associated with hospitals.

Policlinic in Vilnius-Karoliniškės, Lithuania

Besides GPs, if a clinic is a polyclinic, it can house outpatient departments of some medical specialties, such as gynecology, dermatology, ophthalmology, otolaryngology, neurology, pulmonology, cardiology, and endocrinology. In some university cities, polyclinics contain outpatient departments for the entire teaching hospital in one building.

Internationally

[edit]
Policlinic in Písek, Czech Republic

Large outpatient clinics are a common type of healthcare facility in many countries, including France, Germany (long tradition), Switzerland, and most of the countries of Central and Eastern Europe (often using a mixed Soviet-German model), as well as in former Soviet republics such as Russia and Ukraine;[7] and in many countries across Asia and Africa.[8]

In Europe, especially in the Central and Eastern Europe, bigger outpatient health centers, commonly in cities and towns, are called policlinics (derived from the word polis, not from poly-).

Recent[when?] Russian governments have attempted to replace the policlinic model introduced during Soviet times with a more western model. However, this has failed.[9]

In the Czech Republic, many policlinics were privatized or leasehold and decentralized in the post-communist era: some of them are just lessors and coordinators of a healthcare provided by private doctor's offices in the policlinic building.[10]

India has also set up huge numbers of polyclinics for former defense personnel. The network envisages 426 polyclinics in 343 districts of the country which will benefit about 33 lakh (3.3 million) ex-servicemen residing in remote and far-flung areas.[11]

Policlinics are also the backbone of Cuba's primary care system and have been credited with a role in improving that nation's health indicators.[12]

Mobile clinics

[edit]
Hinduja National Hospital's mobile clinic
A mobile health clinic operated from a truck

Providing health services through mobile clinics provides accessible healthcare services to these remote areas that have yet to make their way in the politicized space. For example, mobile clinics have proved helpful in dealing with new settlement patterns in Costa Rica. Before foreign aid organizations or the state government became involved in healthcare, Costa Rica's people managed their own health maintenance and protection.[13] People relied on various socio-cultural adaptations and remedies to prevent illnesses, such as personal hygiene and settlement patterns.[13] When new settlements that sprang up along the coast became "artificial" communities, and due to lack of traditional home healing practices here, alternative methods such as mobile clinics had to be implemented in these communities for the protection and prevention of diseases.[13]

A study done in rural Namibia revealed the health changes of orphans, vulnerable children and non-vulnerable children (OVC) visiting a mobile clinic where health facilities are far from the remote villages.[14] Over 6 months, information on immunization status, diagnosis of anemia, skin and intestinal disorders, nutrition, dental disorders was collected and showed that visits to mobile clinics improved the overall health of children that visited regularly. It concluded that specified "planning of these programs in areas with similarly identified barriers may help correct the health disparities among Namibian OVC and could be a first step in improving child morbidity and mortality in difficult-to-reach rural areas."[14]

A mobile clinic run from a pickup truck in Yemen

Food supplementation in the context of routine mobile clinic visits also shows to have improved the nutritional status of children, and it needs further exploration as a way to reduce childhood malnutrition in resource-scarce areas. A cross-sectional study focussed on comparing acute and chronic undernutrition rates prior to and after a food-supplementation program as an adjunct to routine health care for children of migrant workers residing in rural communities in the Dominican Republic.[15] Rates of chronic undernutrition decreased from 33% to 18% after the initiation of the food-supplementation program and shows that the community members attending the mobile clinics are not just passively receiving the information but are incorporating it and helping keep their children nourished.[15]

Types

[edit]
Storefront clinic in Manhattan

There are many different types of clinics providing outpatient services. Such clinics may be public (government-funded) or private medical practices.

  • A CLSC are in Quebec; they are a type of free clinic funded by the provincial government; they provide service not covered by Canada's healthcare plan including social workers
  • In the United States, a free clinic provides free or low-cost healthcare for those with little or without insurance.
  • A retail-based clinic is housed in supermarkets and similar retail outlets providing walk-in health care, which may be staffed by nurse practitioners.
  • A general out-patient clinic offers general diagnoses or treatments without an overnight stay.
  • A polyclinic or policlinic provides a range of healthcare services (including diagnostics) without need of an overnight stay
  • A specialist clinic provides advanced diagnostic or treatment services for specific diseases or parts of the body. This type contrasts with general out-patient clinics.

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ κλινικός in A Greek–English Lexicon. Retrieved 18 September 2016.
  2. ^ clinicus in A Latin Dictionary. Retrieved 18 September 2016.
  3. ^ Partridge, Eric. Origins: A short etymological dictionary of modern English. Book Club Associates, 1966.
  4. ^ Clinic, Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.
  5. ^ "Statistical Communiqué on the 2011 National Economic and Social Development". stats.gov.cn. National Bureau of Statistics of China. 22 February 2012. Archived from the original on 6 April 2012. Retrieved 5 September 2012.
  6. ^ "Clinic search engine tools to find the right Clinic". 123 clinic. Retrieved 15 December 2016.
  7. ^ NLH – Health Management – Policlinics. Retrieved 3 July 2008.[permanent dead link]
  8. ^ Google
  9. ^ Ershova I, Rider O, Gorelov V (December 2007). "Policlinics in London". Lancet. 370 (9603): 1890–1. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(07)61793-0. PMID 18068500. S2CID 43512994.
  10. ^ David Rath: Trnitá cesta privatizace českého zdravotnictví, Hospodářské noviny, 10 September 1996
  11. ^ "199 Additional Polyclinics For Ex-Servicemen". The Hindu. Chennai, India. 26 May 2010.
  12. ^ Cuba's primary health care revolution: 30 years on, Bulletin of the World Health Organization
  13. ^ a b c Morgan, Lynn M. (February 1993). Community Participation in Health: The Politics of Primary Care in Costa Rica. doi:10.1017/CBO9780511558092. ISBN 978-0-521-41898-0. Retrieved 8 May 2020. cite book: |website= ignored (help)
  14. ^ a b Aneni, Ehimen; De Beer, Ingrid H.; Hanson, Laura; Rijnen, Bas; Brenan, Alana T.; Feeley, Frank G. (2013). "Mobile primary healthcare services and health outcomes of children in rural Namibia". Rural and Remote Health. 13 (3): 2380. ISSN 1445-6354. PMID 24016257.
  15. ^ a b Parikh, Kavita; Marein-Efron, Gabriela; Huang, Shirley; O'Hare, Geraldine; Finalle, Rodney; Shah, Samir S. (September 2010). "Nutritional Status of Children after a Food-Supplementation Program Integrated with Routine Health Care through Mobile Clinics in Migrant Communities in the Dominican Republic". The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. 83 (3): 559–564. doi:10.4269/ajtmh.2010.09-0485. ISSN 0002-9637. PMC 2929051. PMID 20810820.

Wrinkles on the face and hands are a typical sign of aging

A wrinkle, also known as a rhytid, is a fold, ridge or crease in an otherwise smooth surface, such as on skin or fabric. Skin wrinkles typically appear as a result of ageing processes such as glycation,[1] habitual sleeping positions,[2] loss of body mass, sun damage,[3] or temporarily, as the result of prolonged immersion in water. Age wrinkling in the skin is promoted by habitual facial expressions, aging, sun damage, smoking, poor hydration, and various other factors.[4] In humans, it can also be prevented to some degree by avoiding excessive solar exposure and through diet (in particular through consumption of carotenoids, tocopherols and flavonoids, vitamins (A, C, D and E), essential omega-3-fatty acids, certain proteins and lactobacilli).[5]

Skin

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Causes for aging wrinkles

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A woman of European origin with facial wrinkles

Development of facial wrinkles is a kind of fibrosis of the skin. Misrepair-accumulation aging theory suggests that wrinkles develop from incorrect repairs of injured elastic fibers and collagen fibers.[6][7][8] Repeated extensions and compressions of the skin cause repeated injuries of extracellular fibers in derma. During the repairing process, some of the broken elastic fibers and collagen fibers are not regenerated and restored but replaced by altered fibers. When an elastic fiber is broken in an extended state, it may be replaced by a "long" collagen fiber. Accumulation of "long" collagen fibers makes part of the skin looser and stiffer, and as a consequence, a big fold of skin appears. When a "long" collagen is broken in a compressed state, it may be replaced by a "short" collagen fiber. The "shorter" collagen fibers will restrict the extension of "longer" fibers, and make the “long" fibers in a folding state permanently. A small fold, namely a permanent wrinkle, then appears.

Sleep wrinkles

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Sleep wrinkles are created and reinforced when the face is compressed against a pillow or bed surface in side or stomach sleeping positions during sleep.[9] They appear in predictable locations due to the underlying superficial musculoaponeurotic system (SMAS), and are usually distinct from wrinkles of facial expression.[10] As with wrinkles of facial expression, sleep wrinkles can deepen and become permanent over time, unless the habitual sleeping positions which cause the wrinkles are altered.[11]

Water-immersion wrinkling

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A wrinkled finger after a warm bath

The wrinkles that occur in skin over prolonged exposure to water are sometimes referred to as pruney fingers or water aging. This is a temporary skin condition where the skin on the palms of the hand or feet becomes wrinkly. This wrinkling response may have imparted an evolutionary benefit by providing improved traction in wet conditions,[12] and a better grasp of wet objects.[13] These results were called into question by a 2014 study that failed to reproduce any improvement of handling wet objects with wrinkled fingertips.[14] However, a 2020 study of gripping efficiency found that wrinkles decreased the force required to grip wet objects by 20%, supporting the traction hypothesis.[15]

Prior to a 1935 study, the common explanation was based on water absorption in the keratin-laden epithelial skin when immersed in water,[16] causing the skin to expand and resulting in a larger surface area, forcing it to wrinkle. Usually the tips of the fingers and toes are the first to wrinkle because of a thicker layer of keratin and an absence of hairs which secrete the protective oil called sebum.

Adult sole showing water immersion wrinkling

In the 1935 study, however, Lewis and Pickering were studying patients with palsy of the median nerve when they discovered that skin wrinkling did not occur in the areas of the patients' skin normally innervated by the damaged nerve. This suggested that the nervous system plays an essential role in wrinkling, so the phenomenon could not be entirely explained simply by water absorption. Recent research shows that wrinkling is related to vasoconstriction.[17][18] Water probably initiates the wrinkling process by altering the balance of electrolytes in the skin as it diffuses into the hands and soles via their many sweat ducts. This could alter the stability of the membranes of the many neurons that synapse on the many blood vessels underneath skin, causing them to fire more rapidly. Increased neuronal firing causes blood vessels to constrict, decreasing the amount of fluid underneath the skin. This decrease in fluid would cause a decrease in tension, causing the skin to become wrinkly.[19]

This insight resulted in bedside tests for nerve damage and vasoconstriction. Wrinkling is often scored with immersion of the hands for 30 minutes in water or EMLA cream with measurements steps of 5 minutes, and counting the number of visible wrinkles in time. Not all healthy persons have finger wrinkling after immersion, so it would be safe to say that sympathetic function is preserved if finger wrinkling after immersion in water is observed, but if the fingers emerge smooth it cannot be assumed that there is a lesion to the autonomic supply or to the peripheral nerves of the hand.[20]

Other animals with wrinkles

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Examples of wrinkles can be found in various animal species that grow loose, excess skin, particularly when they are young. Several breeds of dog, such as the Pug and the Shar Pei, have been bred to exaggerate this trait. In dogs bred for fighting, this is the result of selection for loose skin, which confers a protective advantage.[21]

Techniques for reducing the appearance of aging wrinkles

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A man receiving a botox injection

Current evidence suggests that tretinoin decreases cohesiveness of follicular epithelial cells, although the exact mode of action is unknown. Additionally, tretinoin stimulates mitotic activity and increased turnover of follicular epithelial cells.[22] Tretinoin is better known by the brand name Retin-A.

Topical glycosaminoglycans supplements can help to provide temporary restoration of enzyme balance to slow or prevent matrix breakdown and consequent onset of wrinkle formation. Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are produced by the body to maintain structural integrity in tissues and to maintain fluid balance. Hyaluronic acid is a type of GAG that promotes collagen synthesis, repair, and hydration. GAGs serve as a natural moisturizer and lubricant between epidermal cells to inhibit the production of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs).

Dermal fillers are injectable products frequently used to correct wrinkles, and other depressions in the skin. They are often a kind of soft tissue designed to enable injection into the skin for purposes of improving the appearance. The most common products are based on hyaluronic acid and calcium hydroxylapatite.

Botulinum toxin is a neurotoxin protein produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum. Botox is a specific form of botulinum toxin manufactured by Allergan for both therapeutic and cosmetic use. Besides its cosmetic application, Botox is used in the treatment of other conditions including migraine headache and cervical dystonia (spasmodic torticollis) (a neuromuscular disorder involving the head and neck).[23]

Dysport, manufactured by Ipsen, received FDA approval and is now used to treat cervical dystonia as well as glabellar lines in adults. In 2010, another form of botulinum toxin, one free of complexing proteins, became available to Americans. Xeomin received FDA approval for medical indications in 2010 and cosmetic indications in 2011.

Botulinum toxin treats wrinkles by immobilizing the muscles which cause wrinkles. It is not appropriate for the treatment of all wrinkles; it is indicated for the treatment of glabellar lines (between the eyebrows) in adults. Any other usage is not approved by the FDA and is considered off-label use.

Laser resurfacing is FDA-cleared skin resurfacing procedure in which lasers are used to improve the condition of the skin.[citation needed] Two types of lasers are used to reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles on the face; laser ablation, which removes thin layers of skin, and nonablative lasers that stimulate collagen production. Nonablative lasers are less effective than ablative ones but they are less invasive and recovery time is short. After the procedure people experience temporary redness, itching and swelling.

See also

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References

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  1. ^ Danby, FW (Jul–Aug 2010). "Nutrition and aging skin: sugar and glycation". Clin Dermatol. 4. 28 (4): 409–411. doi:10.1016/j.clindermatol.2010.03.018. PMID 20620757.
  2. ^ American Academy of Dermatology. "Causes of Aging". AgingSkinNet. American Academy of Dermatology. Retrieved 5 March 2013.
  3. ^ Cosmetic Procedures for Wrinkles
  4. ^ Anderson, Laurence. 2006. Looking Good, the Australian guide to skin care, cosmetic medicine and cosmetic surgery. AMPCo. Sydney. ISBN 0-85557-044-X.
  5. ^ Schagen, S. K.; Zampeli, V. A.; Makrantonaki, E.; Zouboulis, C. C. (2012). "Discovering the link between nutrition and skin aging". Dermato-Endocrinology. 4 (3): 298–307. doi:10.4161/derm.22876. PMC 3583891. PMID 23467449.
  6. ^ Wang, Jicun; Michelitsch, Thomas; Wunderlin, Arne; Mahadeva, Ravi (2009). "Aging as a consequence of Misrepair—a novel theory of aging". arXiv:0904.0575 [q-bio.TO].
  7. ^ Wang-Michelitsch, Jicun; Michelitsch, Thomas (2015). "Aging as a process of accumulation of Misrepairs". arXiv:1503.07163 [q-bio.TO].
  8. ^ Wang-Michelitsch, Jicun; Michelitsch, Thomas (2015). "Tissue fibrosis: a principal evidence for the central role of Misrepairs in aging". arXiv:1505.01376 [q-bio.TO].
  9. ^ Sarifakioglu, Nedim; Terzioglu, A.; Ates, L.; Aslan, G. (2004). "A New Phenomenon: 'Sleep Lines' on the Face". Scan J Plast Reconstr Surg Hand Surg. 38 (4): 244–247. doi:10.1080/02844310410027257. PMID 15370809. S2CID 25307487.
  10. ^ Fulton, James E.; Gaminchi, F. (1999). "Sleep Lines". Dermatol Surg. 25 (1): 59–62. doi:10.1046/j.1524-4725.1999.08073.x. PMID 9935097.
  11. ^ Sarifakioglu, Nedim; Terzioglu, A.; Ates, L.; Aslan, G. (2004). "A New Phenomenon: 'Sleep Lines' on the Face". Scan J Plast Reconstr Surg Hand Surg. 38 (4): 244–247 [246]. doi:10.1080/02844310410027257. PMID 15370809. S2CID 25307487.
  12. ^ Mark Changizi; Romann Weber; Ritesh Kotecha; Joseph Palazzo (2011). "Are Wet-Induced Wrinkled Fingers Primate Rain Treads?". Brain, Behavior and Evolution. 77 (4): 286–90. doi:10.1159/000328223. PMID 21701145.
  13. ^ Kareklas, Kyriacos; Nettle, Daniel; Smulders, Tom V (January 9, 2013). "Water-induced finger wrinkles improve handling of wet objects". Biol. Lett. 9 (2): 20120999. doi:10.1098/rsbl.2012.0999. PMC 3639753. PMID 23302867.
  14. ^ Haseleu, Julia; Omerbašić, Damir; Frenzel, Henning; Gross, Manfred; Lewin, Gary R. (2014). Goldreich, Daniel (ed.). "Water-Induced Finger Wrinkles Do Not Affect Touch Acuity or Dexterity in Handling Wet Objects". PLOS ONE. 9 (1): e84949. Bibcode:2014PLoSO...984949H. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0084949. PMC 3885627. PMID 24416318.
  15. ^ Davis, N. (8 November 2020). "Water-immersion finger-wrinkling improves grip efficiency in handling wet objects". bioRxiv 10.1101/2020.11.07.372631.
  16. ^ "Dr Karl's Homework – Skin Wrinkles in Water (26/1/2000)". Abc.net.au. 2000-01-26. Retrieved 2019-04-30.
  17. ^ Einar P.V. Wilder-Smith; Adeline Chow (2003). "Water-immersion wrinkeling is due to vasoconstriction". Muscle & Nerve. 27 (3): 307–311. doi:10.1002/mus.10323. PMID 12635117. S2CID 45193684.
  18. ^ Einar P. V. Wilder-Smith (2004). "Water immersion wrinkling". Clinical Autonomic Research. 14 (2): 125–131. doi:10.1007/s10286-004-0172-4. PMID 15095056. S2CID 44938772.
  19. ^ H. Zhai, K.P. Whilem H. L. Maibach (2007). Dermatotoxicology. pp. 280–281.
  20. ^ G Alvarez, J Eurolo; P Canales (1980). "Finger wrinkling after immersion in water". British Medical Journal. 281 (6240): 586–587. doi:10.1136/bmj.281.6240.586-a. PMC 1713922. PMID 7427379.
  21. ^ The Dog Encyclopedia: The Definitive Visual Guide. Penguin. 15 August 2023. p. 84. ISBN 978-0-7440-8513-6.
  22. ^ Stefanaki C, Stratigos A, Katsambas A (June 2005). "Topical retinoids in the treatment of photoaging". J Cosmet Dermatol. 4 (2): 130–4. doi:10.1111/j.1473-2165.2005.40215.x. PMID 17166212. S2CID 44702740.
  23. ^ Brin MF, Lew MF, Adler CH, Comella CL, Factor SA, Jankovic J, O'Brien C, Murray JJ, Wallace JD, Willmer-Hulme A, Koller M (1999). "Safety and efficacy of NeuroBloc (botulinum toxin type B) in type A-resistant cervical dystonia". Neurology. 53 (7): 1431–8. doi:10.1212/WNL.53.7.1431. PMID 10534247.
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Frequently Asked Questions

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